| Your headset is a system
made up essentially of two sets of ball bearings. These ball bearing sets are
located just above and just below your frame's head tube. The headset allows
your handlebars, stem and front fork to turn freely inside of the head tube.
To many cyclists it is the last thing that they think to check, yet it is probably
one of the most important components on any bike. Look after the headeset and
you won't even notice the attention you give it, you'll just enjoy smooth turning
and effective stopping.
Dismantling of a headset is
not for the faint hearted and is subsequently not covered here. Removing and replacing
headsets requires specialist tools, tools that are very expensive, often well
beyond the finances of the cyclist. Therefore, other than routine inspection and
maintenance, you are best to take a problem headset to the specialist.
Common
Headset Problems and Solutions
Poor headset adjustment
Solution - These can be complex procedures, and are often best left to the skilled
cycle mechanic. If however you wish to make the adjustment yourself first make
sure you have the correct sized headset spanners, yes you need two. Don't use
adjustable wrenches as these can slip and cause damage.
There are basically two nuts to "adjust", one is actually a locking nut. First
loosen the top nut. This may already be loose, clearly indicating there is a
problem. Tighten, or loosen, the nut below the locking nut until you get the
movement you wish from the headset. Then, whilst holding this nut in place with
one spanner,
tighten the top "locking nut" with a second spanner.
Bearing system
damage
Solution - Bearing system problems are also often beyond the abilities of most "home
mechanics". If you think the bearing system is damaged you should really take
you bike to your nearest CoBR member.
Headset
adjustment
You should check your headset
to make sure it's secure and that it allows for smooth steering. You should
perform the following headset checks before every ride.
Headset adjustment.
To check for good headset adjustment, apply the front brake fully and push
backwards and forwards against the grip of the brake. There should be no looseness,
play, or knocking in the headset. If there is, turn the handlebars 90 degrees
and try again, this will ensure the looseness is in the headset and not your
brakes.
Special note: If you have front shock absorbers, compress them slightly before
performing the test.
Bearing systems
The bearing systems are designed to provide a full range of smooth, jerk-free
rotation. To check, lift your front wheel off the ground and turn the handlebars
slowly backwards and forwards. Well-tuned bearing sets will give you a smooth
rotation. If damaged or poorly adjusted they will either bind during the rotation,
or feel rough or jerky. As you perform these checks, ensure your brake and
gear cables aren't interfering with rotation of the handlebar.
Also, listen for grinding sounds, rattles, or other noises from your headset.
These can all be signs of bearing system problems.
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